New energy vehicles refer to vehicles that use unconventional vehicle fuels as their power source (or use conventional vehicle fuels or new on-board power devices), integrate advanced technologies in vehicle power control and driving, and form advanced technical principles, new technologies, and new structures. New energy vehicles include four major types of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), pure electric vehicles (BEVs, including solar powered vehicles), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and other new energy vehicles (such as supercapacitors, high-efficiency energy storage devices such as flywheels).

 

Power batteries are the heart of electric vehicles and the key to the development of the new energy vehicle industry. In 2004, China proposed to actively carry out research and industrialization of new types of power such as electric vehicles and automotive power batteries; In 2009, it was proposed to include the "lithium-ion battery/supercapacitor" hybrid power system in the subsidy scope of new energy vehicles; In 2012, it was proposed to develop management measures for the recycling and utilization of power batteries, and establish a hierarchical and systematic management system for the recycling and utilization of power batteries; From 2017 to 2025, the specific energy of power battery cells will reach 500 watt hours/kg; According to the plan, from 2021 to 2035, China will implement a battery technology breakthrough action, build a power battery recycling system, and accelerate legislation on power battery recycling and utilization.

 

National New Energy Vehicle Policy

 

The announcement of the "Standards and Conditions for the Automotive Power Battery Industry" was issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China in March 2015. The purpose of this regulation is to implement the notice of the State Council on the issuance of the Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012-2020), which sets requirements for the production conditions, technical capabilities, product requirements, quality assurance capabilities, and other aspects of enterprises.

 

Requirements of regulatory conditions for products:

 

Power battery products should meet the requirements of current national standards and industry standards (as shown in the attached table), and have been tested and qualified by an institution authorized by the quality inspection department for automotive power battery related testing.

 

China

 

1. Standard code: GB/T 31484

 

Standard Name: Cycle Life Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

 

Applicable products: Single cell/battery module.

 

2. Standard code: GB/T 31485

 

Standard Name: Safety Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

 

Applicable products: Single cell/battery module.

 

3. Standard code: GB/T 31486

 

Standard Name: Electric Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries Used in Electric Vehicles

 

Applicable products: Single cell/battery module.

 

4. Standard code: GB/T 31467.1

 

Standard name: Lithium ion power battery packs and systems for electric vehicles Part 1: High power

 

Applicable products: Single cell/battery module.

 

5. Standard code: GB/T 31467.2

 

Standard name: Lithium ion power battery packs and systems for electric vehicles Part 2: High energy

 

Applicable products: Single cell/battery module.

 

6. Standard code: GB/T 31467.3

 

Standard name: Lithium ion power battery packs and systems for electric vehicles Part 3: Safety

 

Applicable products: Single cell/battery module.

 

United States

 

1. Standard code: UL 2580

 

Standard name: Safety standard for battery packs for electric vehicles

 

Applicable products: Battery packs for electric vehicles.

 

Standard code: UL 2271

 

Standard name: Safety standard for lithium batteries used in light electric vehicles

 

Applicable product: Lithium batteries for light electric vehicles.

 

Latest updates

 

As of December 1, 2016, a total of 57 enterprises were listed in the "Standard Conditions for the Automotive Power Battery Industry" enterprise directory;

 

On January 17, 2017, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Regulations on the Access Management of New Energy Vehicle Production Enterprises and Products", stating that battery cells and battery modules need to meet all testing requirements except for needle testing, such as GB/T 31484, GB/T 31485, and GB/T 31486. However, the operating cycle life should be assessed in conjunction with the vehicle reliability standards, and the battery pack should meet all testing requirements of GB/T 31467.3-2015.

 

Main power battery standards in North America:

 

There is no mandatory requirement for the 39th power battery in North America, and the standards used are mainly those prepared by the American Society of Motor Vehicle Engineers (SAE) and UL agencies.

 

J2464:2009 Safety and Abuse Testing of Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RES) for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

 

J2929:2013 Safety Standard for Electric and Hybrid Battery Systems

 

CAN/ULC-S2580-13 Battery Standard for Electric Vehicles

 

ANSI/CAN/UL-1973:2018 Batteries for Light Electric Track (LER) and Designated Facilities

 

ANSI/CAN/UL-9540:2016 Energy Storage Systems and Equipment

 

ANSI/CAN/UL/ULC 2271:2018 Safety Standard for Lithium Ion Batteries Used in Light Electric Vehicles

 

The main power batteries in Europe include ECE-R100, ECE-R10, ECE-R136, etc.

 

ECE-R-100: Battery Electric Vehicle Safety, a law promulgated by the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE) of the United Nations. At present, ECE includes 37 countries in Europe, including non EU countries such as Eastern Europe and Southern Europe, in addition to EU member states. In terms of safety testing, ECE is the only official standard in Europe.

 

ECE R10 is a unified regulation for the certification of electromagnetic compatibility performance in the E marking of automotive components in the European Union;

 

Test items:

 

The test object is the battery pack, and for some tests, if the module can replace the battery pack, the module can be used for testing:

 

ECE-R10 test items: RE (broadband, narrowband) radiation emission - CISPR25, CTE transient conduction - ISO7637-2, CI (P1-P4) pulse immunity - ISO7637-2/-3, RI radiation immunity - ISO11452-2, BCI high current injection - ISO11452-4.

 

ECE-R100 testing items: vibration testing, thermal shock cycling testing, mechanical shock, mechanical integrity (compression), fire resistance testing, external short circuit protection, overcharging protection.

 

ECE-R136 testing items: vibration test, thermal shock cycle test, mechanical drop test (movable REESS), mechanical shock, fire resistance test, overcharging protection.