Energy storage is an important means to enhance the flexibility, economy, and security of traditional power systems, and is one of the important supporting technologies for achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Developing improved energy storage technologies is of great strategic significance for China to accelerate the construction of the energy internet and promote the transformation of energy production and utilization methods.

The application scenarios of energy storage can be divided into three types: power generation side, grid side, and user side:

1. The energy storage on the power generation side is mainly matched with photovoltaic or wind power generation, smoothing the power generation curve, meeting the connection requirements of the power grid system, and solving the problem of power abandonment.

2. The energy storage on the power grid side is mainly used for peak shaving and frequency regulation, peak shaving and valley filling, and increasing the stability of the power grid.

3. User side energy storage mainly utilizes the excess capacity of user transformers during peak electricity periods or purchases valley electricity through the electricity trading market to store energy. It achieves electricity price arbitrage through peak shaving and valley filling, while also bringing the value of backup power, virtual capacity increase, and green electricity trading. Energy storage on the user side can be achieved through installation within the red line of the customer, centralized installation in the park, and separate power supply from the microgrid in the park.

Energy storage is an important means to enhance the flexibility, economy, and security of traditional power systems, and is one of the important supporting technologies for achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Developing improved energy storage technologies is of great strategic significance for China to accelerate the construction of the energy internet and promote the transformation of energy production and utilization methods.

The application scenarios of energy storage can be divided into three types: power generation side, grid side, and user side:

1. The energy storage on the power generation side is mainly matched with photovoltaic or wind power generation, smoothing the power generation curve, meeting the connection requirements of the power grid system, and solving the problem of power abandonment.

2. The energy storage on the power grid side is mainly used for peak shaving and frequency regulation, peak shaving and valley filling, and increasing the stability of the power grid.

3. User side energy storage mainly utilizes the excess capacity of user transformers during peak electricity periods or purchases valley electricity through the electricity trading market to store energy. It achieves electricity price arbitrage through peak shaving and valley filling, while also bringing the value of backup power, virtual capacity increase, and green electricity trading. Energy storage on the user side can be achieved through installation within the red line of the customer, centralized installation in the park, and separate power supply from the microgrid in the park.

With the popularization and promotion of 5G technology, the number of base stations and electricity consumption of telecom operators have grown rapidly in the past few years. At the end of 2021, the country increased the peak valley price difference in electricity prices and fully opened up the electricity market transactions for large industries and general businesses. The electricity prices for large industries and general businesses increased by about 20%, and telecommunications operators face significant pressure on base station electricity bills. To ensure uninterrupted power supply to communication base stations, the operator industry requires that communication base stations be equipped with a battery for no less than 3 hours as a backup power source. The communication base station includes DC loads for communication equipment and AC loads for air conditioning and lighting, with DC loads accounting for over 70% of the total load of the base station.

Backup power enhances the power supply reliability of data centers, while energy storage is also an important means for data centers to fully utilize new energy. At present, peak and valley electricity prices in the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta are more conducive to user side energy storage. The number of data center cabinets in these two regions accounts for about 42% of the country, and the annual energy consumption of data centers is about 88.2 billion kilowatt hours. Combining energy storage technology can save electricity bills during peak and peak periods. If the average electricity price is 0.75 yuan/kilowatt hour based on the 0.9 yuan price difference between the peak and peak periods, the energy storage system is used for peak charging and peak discharge to supply peak or peak electricity, It can reduce electricity bills by up to 37.8% (Wave Valley Charging can also apply for green power transactions to meet the low-carbon requirements of data centers).

The operator industry has seen rapid growth in electricity consumption in the 5G era, with a demand for saving electricity bills and improving backup reliability. In the next few years, energy storage systems will definitely bloom in the base stations and data centers of major telecom operators (also applicable to other types of data centers). Lead acid lead carbon battery technology highly meets the needs of operators in terms of safety, economy, and replicability, and should become the choice of energy storage projects for several major telecom operators.

With the advancement of lead-acid battery technology, new lead-acid battery technologies such as pure lead, lead carbon, high magnification, and high temperature have emerged; And the improvement of power grid quality. Valve regulated high rate lead-acid batteries have become the choice for data center battery systems. Compared to traditional valve regulated sealed lead-acid batteries, high rate lead-acid batteries have higher specific power, better instantaneous output capacity, and can support high-power operation for 3 minutes or even shorter periods of time, which is more in line with the performance requirements of data centers for battery systems; Among them, the 15 minute rate discharge capacity can release a high rate discharge capacity of over 50% of the rated capacity (C10), which is more than twice that of similar traditional valve controlled sealed lead-acid batteries; In addition, high rate lead-acid batteries also have a service life comparable to traditional valve regulated sealed lead-acid batteries. At this stage, the majority of battery system backup time is mainly designed as 15 minutes, and some data centers have started to try designs with a backup time of 10 minutes or even 5 minutes.

By comparing the performance of mainstream domestic and foreign brands' products, it can be concluded that under current market conditions, in data center power supply scenarios with backup time of 15 minutes or less, using high-power batteries can effectively reduce the space and load-bearing requirements of the battery pack while ensuring power supply time, while also effectively reducing procurement costs.